Employment Employment Litigation Even the most well-run businesses face litigation in the Employment Tribunal or Civil Courts; litigation which can be very costly and a huge drain on management time. Having expert representation will greatly improve the outcome you achieve, whether it is forcing the other side to withdraw or settle their claim or obtaining a judgment in your favour. We can help through: Expert advice on litigation strategies and tactics. Representation on all types of employment-related disputes in the Employment Tribunal or Civil Courts including: unfair dismissal; wrongful dismissal; breach of contract; discrimination; and whistleblowing. Experienced tribunal advocacy from one of our team. Highly effective representation at mediation. Case study Defending an outsourcing company against a claim for large bonus payments brought by two senior employees. Filing counter-claims and securing a very successful outcome at mediation. Successfully defending a regulated business against equal pay litigation brought by a senior female actuary. The employee’s claim was defeated in the Employment Tribunal and her appeals to the Employment Appeal Tribunal and Court of Appeal were also unsuccessful. Successfully defending four consultant doctors accused of racially discriminating against a colleague. The claim was defeated at the Employment Tribunal and the decision was supported by the Court of Appeal following an appeal by the Claimant. Get in touch Get in touch with one of our team members today. We’d be happy to discuss your needs and how we can help. Contact

<< Back Immigration Case Studies Establishing a UK presence and relocation to the UK Client: Management consultancy business and overseas nationals Rebecca acted for both the overseas national looking to relocate to the UK with their spouse, and the overseas management consultancy business in establishing a UK entity in London. This involved obtaining a Skilled Worker sponsor licence for the company. Advising on both the application process and the associated compliance advice and support. Once the sponsor licence had been secured, assisted with the Skilled Worker application for overseas national and spouse. This case was led by Rebecca Tester For immigration law advice and assistance contact our team for more info. << Back to all immigration case studies

Employment Recruitment Businesses We are one of the main firms in the UK advising the recruitment industry, especially agency suppliers. We are Trusted Members of APSCO and the REC and we have deep sector-level expertise. We count, as clients, some of the largest privately owned recruiters in the UK. We advise recruiters on: enforcing restrictive covenants/drafting contracts of employment/on CLEAR retainer packages/on IR35 and risk mitigation. We go on a journey with business owners of recruitment firms to make their businesses “future-proof” and fit for sale. We can help your business by: Advising on the Conduct of Business Regulations and Agency Workers Regulations. Advising on self-employment models and the implications of tax issues, such as IR35 and the Construction Industry Scheme. We work with some of the UK’s leading accountants to provide specialist tax advice where required. Drafting or negotiating documentation such as consultancy agreements, umbrella contracts, temporary labour supply agreements and master or neutral vendor contracts. Acting on transfer fee disputes. Business protection advice in relation to the recruitment sector (see our Restrictive Covenant services) Case study Acting for an employment business in the Mercantile Court in relation to transfer fee litigation. Drafting a temporary labour-supply contract for an employment business. Delivering training on the reforms to travel and subsistence allowances and the impact on umbrella company arrangements. Get in touch Get in touch with one of our team members today. We’d be happy to discuss your needs and how we can help. Contact

Employment Outsourcing Transactions & TUPE Solving the people issues arising on an outsourcing or business sale may be critical to realising the full commercial benefit. The notoriously complex TUPE regulations pose a particular challenge for businesses. They create additional consultation obligations, protect employment terms and limit the ability to make dismissals. However, with careful planning and expert advice at the outset you should still be able to achieve your commercial objectives. We can help your business by: Conducting employment law due diligence on proposed outsourcings and transactions. Drafting and negotiating employment provisions in a wide range of outsourcing and business sale agreements, including indemnity and warranty protection, entry and exit provisions, freezing provisions and wrong-pocket clauses. Advising on the impact of TUPE and providing step-by- step guidance on how to manage a TUPE transfer. Negotiating the terms of any exits or appointments of staff on completion. Post-completion advice such as harmonisation of terms and collective redundancy exercises. Case study Advising on the employment implications of the acquisition of the UK’s largest SIPP business. Advising on the TUPE and collective redundancy issues which arose during integration. Advising a private bank on the outsourcing of its IT function to an off-shore service provider. Providing a steps-plan for management of TUPE and collective redundancy obligations and negotiating employment provisions in the outsourcing agreement to ensure adequate commercial protection. Comprehensive advice and guidance on conducting an intra-group TUPE transfer for a global listed property management firm. Drafting and negotiating employment provisions in the business purchase agreement and supporting post-completion integration, including harmonisation of employment terms. Get in touch Get in touch with one of our team members today. We’d be happy to discuss your needs and how we can help. Contact

<< Back Employment Case Studies Confidentiality dispute Client: Senior employee of a tech company Our client was served with a 'Without Notice' injunction application in the High Court. The case, which was strongly defended, involved a sophisticated understanding of what confidential information means in the e-gaming and cryptocurrency markets. The case resulted in a contested interim relief hearing and a subsequent High Court claim. John Hayes led the legal team, demonstrating his ability to conduct High Court injunction cases. His leadership and expertise were crucial in navigating the complexities of this case. Constantine Law's approach resulted in the Claimant's claim being struck out, an order being made requiring the Claimant to pay our client's wasted costs, and the interim injunction being discharged. This case was led by John Hayes and Alex Harvey. For employment law advice about confidentiality disputes, contact our team for more info. << Back to all employment case studies

<< Back Immigration Case Studies Advising private equity group on purchase of care home division Client: Advising private equity group on purchase of care home division Alex Finch acted for a private equity group in their acquisition of a care home division, advising on immigration aspects. This involved ensuring that the acquired division was compliant with right to work checks and with their sponsor licence reporting obligations as a condition of sale. Also dealing with associated notifications to the Home Office as a result of the acquisition. For immigration law advice and assistance contact our team for more info. << Back to all immigration case studies

Business travel UK immigration rules allow certain business activities to be carried out without a work visa. However, determining whether a visa is required – and which type – isn’t always straightforward. Our Services We can help businesses navigate these rules with confidence by: Advising on permitted activities – we guide you on what business activities are allowed under the Standard Visitor visa, helping to avoid unintentional breaches. Eligibility assessments – to determine if a visa is needed and recommend the most appropriate route. Application support - we guide your employees and their family members through every stage of the process, from documentation to preparation and submission of visa applications. Compliance at the border – we advise on compliance with the immigration rules, reducing the risk of refusal or issues upon arrival to the UK. Other immigration services For Businesses Sponsor licence applications Skilled Worker and Global Business Mobility visas Sponsorship compliance Business travel Right to work checks and illegal working For Individuals Applications for family members Global talent, Investors and Entrepreneurs Settlement British citizenship and ancestry Applications based on EU law Human rights applications Appeals Case Studies See examples of successful case studies here . Get in touch Email us at: immigration@constantinelaw.co.uk

IR35 Constantine Law advises on employment status issues, every week. We are one of the main firms in the country advising employment agencies and temporary workers. Constantine Law is a member of APSCO ((link) and has appeared in a recent Court of Appeal case on employment status ((link here to Judgement when it comes out). John Hayes (link) has delivered ELA’s only evening session on IR35. What is IR35? IR35 is a set of tax rules aimed at stopping individuals from avoiding income tax and National Insurance contributions (NICs) by working through an intermediary, usually a personal service company (PSC), when they are, in effect, working like an employee. Under IR35, the intermediary must assess each contract to decide whether the worker would be considered an employee of the client if the PSC didn’t exist. This is known as a status determination. If the worker would be classed as an employee, the PSC must treat the income received as deemed salary, regardless of whether it’s paid out as dividends or kept in the company. Tax and NICs are then calculated at the end of the tax year, with certain deductions allowed (such as salary already taxed through PAYE). Why IR35 Matters HMRC introduced IR35 to tackle arrangements where individuals work through PSCs mainly to reduce tax, particularly employer NICs, rather than because they are genuinely self-employed. Who is Responsible? Since 6 April 2021, the responsibility for determining IR35 status shifted to the end client in the private sector (unless they qualify as a small company). This means medium and large businesses that engage contractors through PSCs must now assess whether those contractors fall within IR35. How We Can Help with IR35 At Constantine Law, we offer expert legal support to help businesses and individuals navigate the complexities of the IR35 regime. Whether you're an end-user engaging contractors or a contractor operating through a personal service company (PSC), our team provides clear, practical advice tailored to your needs. Our IR35 Services Include: Status Determination Reviews We assess working arrangements and contracts to determine whether they fall inside or outside IR35, helping you understand your obligations and risks. Drafting and Reviewing Contracts We prepare and review consultancy agreements and related documentation to ensure they reflect genuine self-employment and minimise IR35 exposure. Support for End Clients Since the 2021 reforms, medium and large private sector organisations are responsible for determining IR35 status. We assist with: Preparing compliant status determination statements (SDS) Advising on reasonable care obligations Implementing robust internal processes for engaging contractors Advice for Contractors and PSCs We help contractors understand their IR35 position, manage risk, and respond to HMRC enquiries or disputes.

Settlement / ILR In most cases, settlement is the end goal of the immigration process, finally giving security and relief from making further visa applications. But getting it wrong can be incredibly costly. Complexities can arise over gaps in immigration or employment history, compliance of the underlying business, excessive absences or meeting the ever-evolving salary requirements. We work with you as a trusted advisor to ensure the application is successful, drawing on decades of experience. Our Services Eligibility assessment – we understand your immigration, study and employment history, and identify how you meet each requirement of the rules Planning – we help you to plan and time your immigration process for maximum convenience, focusing on speed of decision and ability to freely travel Execution – we submit your application ensuring it meets every requirement, and act as your representative to the Home Office Other immigration services For Businesses Sponsor licence applications Skilled Worker and Global Business Mobility visas Sponsorship compliance Business travel Right to work checks and illegal working For Individuals Applications for family members Global talent, Investors and Entrepreneurs Settlement British citizenship and ancestry Applications based on EU law Human rights applications Appeals Case Studies See examples of successful case studies here . Get in touch Email us at: immigration@constantinelaw.co.uk

Employment Employment Law Training Employment law is a fast-developing area of law and businesses face the dual challenge of keeping up to date with key developments and equipping staff with the practical tools and know-how to respond to them. We help your organisation through: Bespoke training which is interactive, practical and fun. It delivers lasting value by enabling clients to handle a variety of legal issues themselves. We develop our training jointly with clients so that it meets their needs and reflects their specific culture and values. Training topics can therefore be designed to suit your circumstances, but topics we frequently deliver training on include: Performance Improvement Managing Sickness Absence Conducting Disciplinaries and Grievances Collective Redundancies Senior Managers Regime TUPE and Outsourcing Social Media Pitfalls Data Subject Access Requests Diversity in the Workplace Training can be tailored for your frontline staff, line managers or your HR or legal teams.Our training can be delivered in a variety of formats to suit you, and is available on a fixed cost basis. Case study Training an HR team on the impact of TUPE and using case studies to illustrate the practical steps involved in a TUPE transfer; Delivering a half-day performance management training session to line managers. Through group exercises and interactive workshops, managers were given practical tips and tools to improve performance in their teams; Working with Private Equity houses to deliver training on restrictive covenants and business protection issues to their investee companies. Restrictive Covenants and Team Moves - Update for Employers To focus on… Key terms in the employment contract Express terms & implied terms Duty of fidelity and fiduciary duties Latest trends in restrictive covenant cases How to enforce, and how to run, an injunction case Disclosure obligations & evidential issues The cost of enforcement and what remedies can be obtained Success stories Bad outcomes: if it goes wrong… LLPs and Partners: Strategies for Exits and Hires To focus on… Key terms of the LLP Agreement Fiduciary obligations and duties of good faith Restrictive covenant update How to enforce: how to run an injunction case Business plans and working with recruiters Disclosure obligations & evidential Issues Importance of privilege Leavers and joiners protocols Update on Business Immigration and Brexit To focus on… The impact of Brexit on business Brexit: the story so far Future of UK employment law The Great Repeal Bill Future of UK immigration Who can stay in the UK post Brexit? Immigration, post Brexit Tier 2 applications and staffing for success Employment Law for Corporate Lawyers – TUPE Update To focus on… Common deal scenarios Problem spotting: people issues for employment and corporate lawyers to consider TUPE Update Negotiating warranties and indemnities Share Purchase Agreements & Asset Purchase Agreements Potential liabilities and Employment Tribunal claims Advice for Start-ups: How to Recruit High-Performing Teams To focus on… Aligning people culture with strategic overall objectives Incentives: pay and other benefits The importance of equality principles Getting the right Board and NEDs Aligning IT policy with business protection principles Understanding and enforcing restrictive covenants Measuring success Equal Opportunity Training for Employers To focus on… The importance of culture and values The statutory framework – the Equality Act 2010 Express and implied terms The ACAS Codes Cost and conduct of litigation Harassment at work and the #MeToo agenda GDPR and Protecting Business Information To focus on… How to conduct a data audit: and use of spreadsheets Privacy notices: for staff and hires Review of commercial contracts Amending HR Policies and employment contracts Data security and breach reporting Training, review and “ownership” Employment Status: Especially for Recruitment, “Gig Economy” and Construction Firms To focus on… The meaning of “employee”, “worker” and “self-employed” Key statutory and common law tests The latest case law position – the rise of “worker status.” The liabilities which arise from “worker” and “employment” status Specific industries: agency workers, CIS workers, gig economy The Government’s plans for these sectors: The Taylor Report Thorny Issues: IR35, NICs liabilities, holiday pay. Get in touch Get in touch with one of our team members today. We’d be happy to discuss your needs and how we can help. Contact

Employment Equal Pay We believe that we are about to see a huge increase in equal pay litigation in the private sector in light of the introduction of compulsory gender pay gap reporting. This is compulsory for organisations with over 250 employees. However, all businesses should consider conducting an equal pay audit. This enables you to identify any liabilities and protect against litigation which can be damaging to your reputation and very costly (equal pay claims can go back six years). We can help your business by: Advising on your gender pay gap reporting obligations and working with your HR and Reward teams to conduct a gender pay audit. Providing legally privileged advice that identifies equal pay liabilities that may have accrued, stress- tests any potential justifications and makes recommendations to address high risk areas. Reviewing or drafting recruitment, promotion and pay review procedures to ensure remuneration is fair and transparent and not inadvertently discriminatory. Advising on the response to Equal Pay questionnaires and defending Equal Pay litigation . Case study Successfully defending a regulated business against equal pay litigation brought by a senior female actuary. The employee’s claim was defeated in the Employment Tribunal and her appeals to the Employment Appeal Tribunal and Court of Appeal were also unsuccessful. Delivering interactive training on Equal Pay legislation and the Gender Pay Gap reporting requirements to a client’s line managers and HR team. Drafting an Equal Pay policy with clear definitions, objectives and actions in order to meet a client’s obligations in this area. Get in touch Get in touch with one of our team members today. We’d be happy to discuss your needs and how we can help. Contact

John Milner John Milner is a highly experienced litigator, he specialises in representing individuals in white collar criminal investigations, principally in relation to business crime matters; financial crime, fraud, tax evasion, bribery and corruption, insider dealing and money laundering. "John Milner is great. Decades of guiding individuals through the most complex white collar cases. Unflappable." - Legal 500, 2025 Position Partner Contact +44 (0)7514 010761 john.milner@constantinelaw.co.uk John has a wealth of experience acting for individuals under investigation for financial crime. He has represented defendants in some of the most significant criminal trials of the last decade including: A New York based derivatives trader in the SFO Barclays USD Libor trial. A Danish UK based trader acquitted in the SFO Barclays/Deutsche Bank EURIBOR trial. An Italian company director in the SFO Bertling trial. An Italian banker acquitted of all charges in a fraud on a Russian investment bank and UK Asset Management company. A former UBS compliance officer in an FCA insider dealing conspiracy. A French banker in the NCA trial of a £multi-million fraud against the Libyan sovereign wealth fund. The first defendant in the SFO Unaoil trial. John is regularly instructed to advise witnesses and potential witnesses in compelled s2 Interviews conducted by the SFO including their investigations into Glencore, Raedex Consortium, Tesco and Serco. Current instructions include advising a client in the Post Office Inquiry and ongoing MPS investigation and advising a company director in an ongoing high profile NCA investigation. John is recognised as a "Star Individual" in Financial Crime in Chambers & Partners 2025 and is listed as a Band 1 lawyer in the 2026 directory for London. John is also listed in Who's Who Legal: Business Crime Defence. John was admitted as a solicitor in 2000. Chambers & Partners 2025 "John Milner is one of the principal players in the white-collar community. He's hugely experienced and can always be relied upon" Previous Next